What is the purpose of Incoterms in international shipments?

• A. A Marketing standard for labeling shipments.
• B. A financing mechanism for customs duties.
• C. Standard trade terms defining responsibilities, costs, and risks between buyer and seller.
• D. A regulation requiring specific packaging for export.

Answer: (C)

Incoterms are standardized trade terms that define who is responsible for what in international shipments, including costs and risks. They specify who arranges transport, who pays for freight and insurance, who handles export and import customs formalities, and the exact point at which the risk of loss or damage passes from the seller to the buyer. This clarity helps buyers and sellers avoid disputes across borders by clearly allocating duties and responsibilities.

They are not a marketing labeling standard, not a financing mechanism for duties, and not a packaging regulation. Incoterms focus on the delivery process and risk transfer, while other contract terms handle price, payment, quality, and other obligations.